Plenary 1 on Day 2 (November 7, 2025) of the International Conference on Agrarian Change was chaired by V. K. Ramachandran, Vice Chairperson, Kerala State Planning Board. The session brought together Luciano Rezende Moreira (Professor, Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro), Ashok Dhawale (President, All India Kisan Sabha), Jens Lerche (Professor, SOAS University of London), and Venkatesh Athreya (Retired Professor, Bharathidasan University). Through international and Indian perspectives, the speakers examined neoliberal restructuring, class and caste inequality, the evolution of productive forces, and the increasingly intersecting conditions of peasants and wage workers in contemporary rural India.