Session 6B on Day 4 (November 9, 2025) of the International Conference on Agrarian Change was chaired by R. Nagaraj (Retired Professor of Economics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Bombay), with discussant Kalyani Raghunathan (Research Fellow, Poverty, Gender, and Inclusion Unit, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)). It featured speakers Bheemeshwar Reddy (Associate Professor, Department of Economics and Finance, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Hyderabad) and Madhura Swaminathan (Professor, Economic Analysis Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore).

The session discussed ageing and economic survival, women’s work in agriculture, undervaluation of labour, and the need for social security and recognition.